When we think of José Rizal, we think of an extraordinary individual whose intellect, compassion, and courage made him a beacon of hope and inspiration for generations. His impact on Philippine history is unparalleled, and his likeness on coins and banknotes immortalizes his legacy in the country’s daily life and in the hands of numismatists worldwide. But who was Rizal beyond his portrait on our currency? And why is he revered as the embodiment of Filipino resilience and pride?
Born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, José Protasio Rizal Mercado was the seventh child in a family of eleven. His family background was both humble and privileged – they were not among the country’s wealthiest families, but they were educated, and this foundation opened many doors for young Rizal. Displaying remarkable talents from a young age, Rizal could read by the time he was three, and by five, he was already writing poetry.
After high school, Rizal pursued a career in medicine. He studied in Manila before venturing abroad to complete his medical and academic training in Madrid, Paris, and Germany. His medical degree specialized in ophthalmology, a choice he made to cure his mother’s failing eyesight. Yet, Rizal’s purpose went beyond his profession; he was a writer, a scientist, a painter, and an advocate. With his prolific intellect and profound love for his country, Rizal harnessed his talents to raise awareness of the injustices faced by Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule.
The Pen as His Weapon: Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Rizal's writings struck fear into the hearts of the Spanish authorities. His novels, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed), revealed the brutality and corruption of Spanish colonial rule, calling out the abuses of power that plagued Filipino society. These novels became revolutionary texts, inspiring a generation of Filipinos to strive for equality, dignity, and independence.
But it wasn’t just the novels. Rizal wrote essays, poems, and speeches, all dedicated to his cause. He even founded La Liga Filipina, an organization aimed at peacefully promoting reforms. Rizal’s influence spread across social classes, and his writings inspired both scholars and common folk to embrace their identity and seek a future free from oppression.
A Martyr’s Death and the Birth of a National Hero
In 1896, Rizal was arrested, tried, and convicted of rebellion, sedition, and conspiracy. He was sentenced to death, and on December 30, 1896, he was executed by firing squad in Bagumbayan (now Luneta Park in Manila). Rizal’s death shocked the nation, but it also galvanized the Filipino people to pursue the ideals he championed.
Today, José Rizal is celebrated not only as a national hero but as a symbol of the Filipino struggle for freedom. His legacy lives on in many forms, from monuments and schools named in his honor to annual commemorations and, of course, on the currency that Filipinos use daily.
Rizal in Numismatics: A Symbol of Patriotism and Pride
Rizal’s portrait is more than a simple engraving; it is a symbol of Filipino resilience. From the iconic one-peso coin to various banknotes, Rizal’s likeness has been featured across generations, reflecting his timeless influence.
- One-Peso Coins
Starting in the 1970s, Rizal’s portrait became a staple on the one-peso coin. Over the decades, the design has evolved, but Rizal’s dignified profile has remained constant. Each version of the coin captures not only Rizal’s face but also the enduring respect that Filipinos hold for his ideals. - Banknotes as Historical Reminders
Rizal’s image has appeared on various denominations of Philippine banknotes. His presence on these notes serves as a daily reminder of the values he upheld – values of equality, education, and empowerment. His portrayal on the 100-peso bill, for example, is a common sight that connects each Filipino to the hero whose life was dedicated to the betterment of his people. - Commemorative Coins and Bills
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) has released several commemorative editions to honor Rizal, especially on significant anniversaries of his birth or martyrdom. These limited-edition coins and banknotes are prized by collectors, blending intricate artistry with historical significance.
For collectors and history enthusiasts, currency featuring José Rizal offers more than aesthetic value. It represents a slice of Philippine history and a legacy of patriotism. Every coin and bill with Rizal’s image tells a story of sacrifice, resilience, and hope – a narrative that resonates with anyone familiar with the Philippine journey toward freedom.
Rizal’s presence on currency highlights his role not only as a hero of the past but also as a guiding symbol for the present and future. Collecting these items becomes a way of honoring his legacy, allowing numismatists to carry on his memory and remind new generations of the hero who gave his life for his country’s future.
From his role as a national hero to his lasting impact on Philippine currency, José Rizal remains a defining figure in the Filipino spirit. His legacy transcends generations, a testament to a man whose love for his country continues to inspire people worldwide.
José Rizal: The Hero, The Scholar, and His Legacy in Philippine Currency